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Problem: Because most great ape taxa are facing extinction in the wild, conservation measures such as habitat protection, ecosystem restoration, and law enforcement are underway, with varying degrees of success. Re-introduction is an additional measure. Several facilities in Africa and Asia have conducted or are planning great ape re-introductions or translocations, with some projects already well established.

Action: Re-introduction is one tool for conserving great apes and their natural habitats. These guidelines adapt other IUCN documents to pertain specifically to the re-introduction of great apes. The adaptation is justified by alarming declines in great ape populations and the destruction of their habitats, and because great apes are biologically and cognitively specialized and ad...

Problem: A significant number of remaining chimpanzee and gorilla populations in Western Equatorial Africa reside in active timber concessions, many of which are within areas identified as being exceptional for the conservation of these apes. Habitat alteration and human disturbance can result in changes to the dietary regimes, behaviour, susceptibility to disease, abundance and distribution of great apes, which may affect their short- and long-term prospects for survival. The conservation outlook of ...

Action: These guidelines outline specific recommendations for reducing the impact of commercial logging on wild apes, many of which can be implemented within the framework of sustainable, reduced-impact logging at little or no additional cost (Table 1). We believe that advantages will also accrue for logging companies which rapidly implement these measures, allowing them to be r...