The State of the Birds (2009)
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The State of Our Nation’s Birds
The United States is home to a tremendous diversity of native birds,
with more than 800 species inhabiting terrestrial, coastal, and ocean
habitats, including Hawaii. Among these species, 67 are federally
listed as endangered or threatened. An additional 184 are species of
conservation concern because of their small distribution, high threats,
or declining populations.
Successful conservation requires information about the population
status of every species to ensure the survival of endangered birds and
to manage common species so they never become threatened. This report
presents a new synthesis of major bird-monitoring
databases, including
data from thousands of citizen scientists and professional biologists.
We used data from three continentwide monitoring programs to create
bird population indicators for major U.S. habitats, reflecting the
health of these habitats and the environmental services they provide.
These habitat indicators are based on the population changes of
obligate species—those that are restricted to a single habitat and are
most sensitive to environmental changes. We supplemented this
information with data from many other surveys that focus on species
that are rare, endangered, or difficult to monitor, such as ocean
birds. (See Methods
section)
The results reflect the influence of human activities and global change
on our nation’s birds. Every U.S. habitat harbors birds in need of
conservation. Hawaiian birds and ocean birds appear most at risk, with
populations in danger of collapse if immediate conservation measures
are not implemented. Bird populations in grassland and aridland
habitats show the most rapid declines over the past 40 years. Birds
that depend on forests are also declining.
In contrast, wetland species, wintering coastal birds, and hunted
waterfowl show increasing populations during the past 40 years,
reflecting a strong focus during this period on wetlands conservation
and management.
Download the full report (PDF)


