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Technological change, the development of new production methods and new products, is one fundamental driving force for enhancing economic growth. At the moment, research and development has been dominated by transnational corporations (TNCs), which rarely contract these activities to "third world" countries. In addition, TNCs may or may not transfer technologies to developing nations or produce new technologies addressing the needs of nonindustrialized peoples. In contrast, NGOs and socially responsible entrepreneurs have tried to find ways to transfer and develop appropriate technologies (e.g. pumps, irrigation pipes, stoves), that the poorer peoples of the world can purchase and maintain, that reduce work burdens and increase incomes (e.g. cell phones to determine market prices). Education on technology use has focused on extension agents or worker-to-worker teaching.
Keywords
manufacturing methods, technology transfer, alternative
technology, appropriate technology, NGOs, education, clean tech, resource conservation, carbon footprint
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